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Gun show loophole, gun law loophole, Brady law loophole (or Brady bill loophole), private sale loophole, or private sale exemption is a political term in the United States referring to sales of firearms by private sellers, including those done at gun shows, dubbed the "secondary market". The term refers to a perceived gap in the law regarding the sale or transfer of firearms between private citizens. As of September 2015, 18 states and Washington, D.C. require background checks for some or all private firearm sales.〔("Universal Background Checks & the "Private" Sale Loophole Policy Summary – Summary of State Law" ), Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, September 10, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.〕 Under federal law, private-party sellers are not required to perform background checks on buyers, record the sale, or ask for identification. Federal law prohibits private individuals from selling a firearm to a resident of another state, or anyone they have reason to believe is prohibited from owning a firearm.〔("Top 10 Frequently Asked Firearms Questions and Answers" ), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Retrieved August 1, 2015.〕 This requirement is in contrast to sales by gun stores and other Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders who are required to record all sales and perform background checks on almost all buyers, regardless of the venue of sale. A late 20th century report by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) commissioned by then-president Bill Clinton stated that transactions and sales of firearms by private U.S. citizens contribute to illegal activities. Since the mid-1990s, gun control advocates have voiced concern over the perceived loophole in legislation, and campaigned to require background checks and recordkeeping for all gun sales. Contrarily, gun rights advocates have stated the laws function as intended, and no loophole exists. They have contended that required background checks and recordkeeping for private sales of firearms endanger Second Amendment rights, and exceed the government’s authority, regardless of the venue. ==Provenance== Sometimes referred to as the Brady bill loophole, the Brady law loophole, the gun law loophole, or the private sale loophole,〔More ''private sale loophole'' sources: * * * *〕 the term refers to laws allowing for legal sales and transfers of firearms without background checks between unlicensed private parties. Private-party sellers are not legally required by federal law to: ask for identification, complete any forms, or keep any sales records. In addition to federal legislation, firearm laws vary by state. Federal "Gun show loophole" bills were introduced in seven consecutive Congresses: two in 2001, two in 2004, one in 2005, one in 2007, two in 2009, two in 2011, and one in 2013. Specifically, seven gun show loophole bills were introduced in the U.S. House and four in the Senate between 2001 and 2013. None passed. In May 2015 Carolyn Maloney introduced H.R.2380, also referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2015. As of June 26 it has been referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. As of September 2015, 18 states and Washington D.C. have background check requirements beyond federal law. Eight states require universal background checks at the point of sale for all transfers, including purchases from unlicensed sellers. Maryland and Pennsylvania laws in this regard are limited to handguns. Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts and New Jersey require any firearm purchaser to obtain a permit. Four more states (Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska, and North Carolina) do the same, but only for handguns. Illinois requires background checks at gun shows. Nevada allows but does not require unlicensed sellers to do background checks on buyers. A majority of these jurisdictions require unlicensed sellers to keep records of firearm sales. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gun show loophole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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